Average consumption by 80 inhabitants per minute (specifically per cycle, but one cycle is about one minute on most machines), from Charlie ( http://www.anno-zone.de/Charlie/index.html ). Values do not vary according to tax level:

Population Consumption
Population TypeFoodClothLiquorSpicesTobacco ProductsCocoaClothesJewelry
Pioneers0.95******-----
Settlers0.950.450.35******---
Citizens0.950.50.450.350.35***--
Merchants0.950.550.50.450.450.5******
Aristocrats0.95-0.550.450.450.450.350.1

*** = Small volume (1 unit) required to upgrade housing only.

WGaryB attempted to determine the consumption among 1000 Aristocrats per hour, based on an 8 hour period:

Consumption by Aristocrats (per 1000 population per hour)
GoodConsumption
Food700t
Tobacco330t
Spice330t
Cocoa330t
Alcohol412t
Clothing247t
Jewellery83t

Guardian repeated this for 1000 Aristocrats, giving figures per cycle (60 seconds):

Consumption by Aristocrats (per 1000 population per minute)
GoodConsumption
Food12.0t
Tobacco5.6t
Spice5.6t
Cocoa5.6t
Alcohol7.0t
Cloths4.4t
Jewellery1.4t

The next list is often attributed to Shark_Dus, although seems to be based on Charlie's lists (the one above and a later appendices). It shows the maximum number of inhabitants each single industry can supply. 'Combine' values are for 2 farms and 1 processing building, except for the Grain Combine, which is 4 farms, 2 Windmills, and a Bakery.

Population per Industry
IndustryMax Population
Fisher's Hut63
Hunter's Hut168
Weaver283
Sheep Combine283
Butcher202
Cattle Combine193
Tobacco Production355
Tobacco Combine337
Spice Plantation248
Winery167
Rum Distillery363
Rum Combine334
Bakery252
Grain Combine252
Cocoa Plantation248
Weaving Mill501
Cotton Combine450
Taylor Shop457
Goldsmith1000