[en] History

[Elvain]

thanks :go:

I just tested the game with khanate of Volga and it was fine... just the game launches comparably longer due to many new units, etc.

[Traveller]

Ok, I've mixed the previous list with Bulgar names with some new ones:


Alzek
Anzi
Apskhih
Asparukh (Isperikh, Ispor)
Bars
Bataul
Batoya
Batulia
Bayan (Bezmer, Batbayan, Boyan)
Boris
Bulger
Buzan
Chepa
Dizeng
Dometa
Dristar
Drong
Dukum
Elemag
Eskhach
Goleda
Gostun
Grigora
Grod
Guar
Houdbaad (Hudbaad, Khudbard)
Iratais
Isbul
Kano
Karan
Kardam
Khinialon (Chinialus)
Kordil
Kormesiy
Kormisosh
Korsis (Okors)
Kotrag
Krum
Kuber
Kubrat (Kurt, Kuvrat, Krovat)
Kutrigur
Magotin
Malamir
Marmais
Mugel
Odolgan
Okhsun (Okhsi)
Omurtag
Onegavon
Organa (Organ, Ornag)
Oshi
Ostro
Pagan
Praksa
Pressian
Rassate
Sabin (Savin)
Sandilch (Sandil)
Sevar
Shilke (female?)
Sigritsis
Silke (female?)
Sinnion (Synion)
Slavnas
Sondoke
Stazis
Tarasiy
Taridin (Tiradin)
Telec
Telerig
Tervel
Toktu
Tsog
Tsul
Tuk
Turdacis
Umor
Uturgur
Vanand
Vardan
Venda
Vetam
Vinekh
Yani
Zabergan
Zenti
Zvinitsis


Chakarar (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Duar (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Dulo, Dule (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Ermi (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Ermiar (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Kiurigir (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Kubair (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Ugain (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Ukil (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)
Vokil (anc.-Bulg. boil [noble] family)

[Traveller]

Xuca, here's something for you! What do you think?


Vojvodina



Vojvodina is the Serbian name for the territory of Northern Serbia, consisting of the southern part of the Pannonia Plain. Throughout history it has been a part of Dacia, the Roman Empire, the Hun empire, the Avar Caganate, the Gepid Kingdom, the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria, the kingdom of Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and the Slovenes, Yugoslavia, and finally Serbia&Montenegro.

The name "Vojvodina" in the Serbian language simply means Dukedom. Its historical name was "Serbian Dukedom", but since Vojvodina is now part of Serbia, there is no need for the prefix "Serbian" anymore. The Serbian language uses two more varieties of the word Vojvodina. These varieties are Vojvodovina and Vojvodstvo, which is equivalent to the Polish word wojewodztwo (which means Province)

The area of Vojvodina has been inhabited since the Paleolithic period. Before the Roman conquest in the 1st Century BC, the region was inhabited by Illyrian, Thracian, and Celtic tribes. Most important Illyrian tribe from this region were Pannonians. Latter Roman Pannonia was named after them.

Romans have conquered this region in the first century BC. Opposing the Roman rule, Illyrian tribes started uprising in 6 AD. Leaders of this uprising were Baton and Pines. They would be the first known Vojvodinians recorded in history. Sirmium(Sremska Mitrovica) was an important Roman town. It was main city of Roman Pannonia and one of four capital cities of Roman Empire. Six Roman Emperors were born in this city or surrondings. These emperors were Romanised Illyrians by origin.

The Huns drove the Romans out of Pannonia after A.D 395. The rule of the Huns lasted little over half a century, and the region become part of Byzantine empire. Pannonia (province of Byzantine empire) existed in Srem in the 6th century and the capital city of this province was Sirmium.

During the early medieval migrations, Slavs (Severans, Abodrites, and Serbs) settled today's Vojvodina in the 6th and 7th centuries, but pockets of Romanised Illyrians remained in the area.

In the 9th Century, territory of present day Vojvodina was part of Bulgaria. Salan (Bulgarian Duke) was ruler in territory of Backa and his capital city was Titel. Another Bulgarian duke, Glad, ruled in Banat.His residence was city Vidin in the territory of present day Bulgaria. His descendant was Ahtum duke of Banat, the last ruler who opposed to the establishment of Hungarian kingdom.

In the 11th Century, ruler of Srem vas Sermon vassal of Bulgarian emperor Samuel. Sermon produced his own golden coins in present day Sremska Mitrovica. After Bulgarians were defeated by Byzantine Empire, Sermon was captured and killed, because he didn’t want to comply with new authorities.

The Hungarians or Magyars arrived in the Pannoian Plain during the last decade of the 9th Century. Hungarian rule was established in the territory of present day Vojvodina starting with 10th century. Backa came under Hungarian rule in the 10th century, after Hungarians defeated Salan. Banat came under Hungarian rule in the 11th century after the defeat of Ahtum, and Srem came under Hungarian rule in the 12th century after Kingdom of Hungary conquered it from Byzantine Empire. Before Hungarian conquest, a province of Byzantine empire named Theme Sirmium existed in the territory of Srem.

Between 1282 and 1316 Serbian King Dragutin ruled a state consisted of srem, Macva, Usora and Soli. Name of his state was: Kingdom of Srem. His capital city was Debrc (between Belgrade, and Sabac) After Dragutin died, the ruler of Kingdom of Srem become his son, king Vladislav II (1319-1325)

Though Serbs were part of aboriginal population in the territory of Vojvodina (especially in Srem), an increasing number of Serbs began settling from the 14th Century onward. By 1483 according to a Hungarian source, as much as half of the population of Vojvodina territory of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time would have been made up of Serbs.

After Turks conquered Serbia, Serbian despots ruled in parts of Vojvodina territory as vassals of Hungarian kings. Residence of Serbian despots was city Kupinik (today Kupinovo) in Srem. Here are the names of these Serbian despots: Vuk Grgurevic (1471-1485), Djordje Brankovic (1486-1496), Jovan Brankovic (1496-1502), Ivanis Berislav (1504-1514), Stevan Berislav (1520-1535), Radic Bozic (1527-1528), Pavle Bakic (1537) and Stefan Stiljanovic (1537-1540). The last three didn’t ruled in the territory of present day Vojvodina, but they had possessions in the territories of present day Romania, Hungary, and Croatia. The fact that Despots of Serbia ruled in the territory of present day Vojvodina, but also the presence of large Serbian population, are reasons because in many historical records and maps, which were written and drawn between 15th and 18th centuries, territory of present day Vojvodina was named Rascia (Raska and Serbia) and Little Raska (Little Serbia).

The Ottoman Empire took control of Vojvodina following the Battle of Mohaacs of 1526, and the fall of Banat in 1552. This turbulent period caused a massive depopulation of this region. Soon after the Battle of Mohács, leader of Serbian mercenaries, Jovan Nenad established his rule in Backa, Northern Banat, and a small part of Srem. He created an ephemeral independent state, with city Subotica as its capital. At the pitch of his power, Jovan Nenad proclaimed himself in Subotica for "Serbian Emperor". Taking advantage of the extremely confused military and political situation, the Hungarian noblemen from the region joined forces against him and defeated the Serbian troops in the summer of 1527. "Emperor" Jovan Nenad was assassinated and his state collapsed.

During the Ottoman rule, more than 90% of inhabitants of the Vojvodina region were Serbs. Serbs mostly lived in villages, while cities were populated with Muslims, among which were many Islamised Serbs. Elayet of Tamesver (Turkish province) existed in Banat after 1552), while Sandzak of Srem and Sandzak of Segedin existed in Srem and Backa. In 1594 Serbs in Banat started large uprising opposing Turkish rule. This was one of three largest Serbian uprisings in history, and the largest one before the First Serbian Uprising led by Karadjordje.

End of Ottoman rule dramatically altered the demographic character of the region. The original Serbian population was decimated. The Serbian patriarch, Arsenije III Èarnojeviæ , fearing the revenge of the Turks, immigrated in the last decade of the 17th century to Habsburg Empire with as many as 36,000 families. The Austrian emperor promised these people religious freedom as well as the right to elect their own "vojvoda" (military governor), and incorporated much of the region where they settled, later known as Vojvodina, into the military border. Austrian Emperor also recognized Serbs as one of state nations of Austrian Empire and he recognized right of Serbs to have territorial autonomy. This right, however, was not realized before the revolution in 1848-1849.

During the Uprising of Rakoci (between 1703 and 1711), territory of present day Vojvodina was battlefield between Hungarian rebels and local Serbs, which fought on the side of Austrian Emperor. Serbs in Backa have suffered the great losses. Hungarian rebels have burned Serbian villages and many Serbs were expelled out of Backa. Darvas , the prime military commander of Hungarian rebels, which fought against Serbs in Backa, wrote: "We burned all large places of Rascia, on the both banks of rivers Danube and Tisa."

During the Austrian rule many colonists settled in the territory of present day Vojvodina. They were mainly (Catholic) Germans and Hungarians. Because of this colonisation, Serbs lost absolute ethnic majority in the region, and Vojvodina become one of ethnically most diverse regions of Europe. However, there was also some emigration from Vojvodina: after Tisa-Moris section of military frontier was abolished, Serbs from north-eastern part of Backa left from this region and immigrated to Russia(YEAH!!) in 1752, and this region was then populated with new Hungarian settlers. Especially many Hungarians come after 1867, when Hungary became autonomous part of Habsburg Empire. Serbs, however, still were single largest ethnic group in Vojvodina, until the second half of 20th century, when they become absolute majority again.

Between 16th and 19th centuries, Vojvodina was cultural centre of Serbian people. Especially important cultural centres were: Novi Sad, Sremski Karlovic and monasteries of Fruska Gora . In the first half of the 19th century, Novi Sad was largest Serbian city (In 1820 this city had about 20,000 inhabitants, of which 2/3 were Serbs). Novi Sad had an elected mayor that was alternately German or Serb. The Matica Srpska moved to that town from Budapest in 1864. The Serbian gymnasiums of Novi Sad and Sremski Karlovic were at the time considered to be among the best in the Hungarian Kingdom. Novi Sad was being called the "Serb Athens."

The Hungarian government replied by the use of force: on June 12th 1848, a war between Serbs and Hungarians started. Austria took side of Hungary at first, demanding from the Serbs to "go back to being obedient". Serbs were aided by the volunteers from Serbia. As a negative consequence of this war, was the expansion of the conservative fractions. Since the Austrian court turned against the Hungarians in the later stage of revolution, feudal and clerical circles of Vojvodina formed an alliance with Austria and became a tool of the Viennese reaction to Hungarian revolution. Serbian troops from Vojvodina then joined the Habsburg army and helped in crushing the revolution in Hungary. The forces of reaction smothered the revolution, helped by the Russian Czarism , in the summer of 1849 and in that way defeated all the national and social movements in the Habsburg monarchy.

During the second half of the 19th century the region's Hungarian, German, Serb, Croat, and Slovak farmers turned it into the most productive agricultural region of the Kingdom, and it's excellent products were exported all over Europe.

At the end of the World War I the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed. On November 25 in 1918 the Serbian Assembly of Novi Sad proclaimed the union of Vojvodina with the Kingdom of Serbia.

The Axis Powers occupied region between 1941 and 1944. Backa and Baranja were attached to Hungary, while Srem was attached to Independent State of Croatia. Smaller Dunavska banovina (including Banat and Sumadija) existed as part of Serbia between 1941 and 1944 and its administrative centre was Smederovo However, Banat itself was separate autonomous region ruled by German minority. Occupants have committed countless crimes against the civilian population and especially many crimes were committed against the Serbian and Jewish population (Jewish population of Vojvodina was completely exterminated, dreadful).

Vojvodina was liberated in 1944 and region was politicaly restored (In 1945) as a province of Serbia (incorporating Srem, Banat, and Backa). Instead of previous name (Dunavska Banovina), region officially gains its historical name: Vojvodina, and its capital city remained Novi Sad.

It was only nominally autonomous at first but enjoyed extensive rights of self-rule under the 1974 constitution, which also gave it voting rights equivalent to Serbia itself on the country's collective presidency.

Under the rule of Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic, Vojvodina and Kosovo lost most of their autonomy in September 1990. The outbreak of the Yugoslav wars contributed to the increase of ethnic tensions, with many refugee Serbs who were driven out from Croatia and Bosnia being resettled in Vojvodina.

The fall of Miloševiæ in 200 created a new climate for reform in Vojvodina, with the province's ethnic minorities strongly supporting the new democratic government in Belgrade. Following talks between the parties, the province's autonomy was partially restored by the omnibus law in 2002. Vojvodina's new flag was also introduced in 2004.

Some Facts:

Official Languages: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Rusyn.

Capital: Novi Sad

Ethnic groups: Serbs 65.05%
Hungarians 14.28%
Slovaks 2.79%
Croatians: 2.78%
Others 15.1%




Soures: BIGpedia and Wikipedia, and various websites in Serbian.


Original thread (http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=9088&PN=2)

[Xuca]

It's good, only about the war with the Hungarians, the Emperor awarded the Serbs with autonomy, creating Vojvodina, I forgot the exact name, but swindeled them, giving mostly areas where Serbs were minority, and cancelling it later.

[Mircoslavux]

Has somebody watched movie Spartacus on ORF1 yesterday evening?

I did, it was fine, despite the incorporated love story, .....

[Xuca]

Never heard of ORF1, but I watched few months ago, it's good.

[Traveller]

Which Spartacus - the old one (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0054331/) with Kirk Douglas, or the new one (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361240/), which was shot in Bulgaria with... Uh, I forgot the actor's name... Was it Goran Visnic? :scratch: Anyway, I've watched them both quite some time ago! Why?

Edit: Btw Xuca, do you have something for that haiduk you mentioned? :rolleyes:

[Xuca]

I have to go to school now, and will be back late, so tomorrow, or if I translate something on Sunday, or even maybe next week. :rolleyes:

btw. what's with these new smilies? Old ones were much better.

[Mircoslavux]

Which Spartacus - the old one (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0054331/) with Kirk Douglas, or the new one (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361240/), which was shot in Bulgaria with... Uh, I forgot the actor's name... Was it Goran Visnic? :scratch: Anyway, I've watched them both quite some time ago! Why?

Edit: Btw Xuca, do you have something for that haiduk you mentioned? :rolleyes:


the new one...with Visnic...


Xuca....you do not know ORF? It is an austrian TV chanel...

[Mircoslavux]

interesting comparison between Sapiens and Neandertalis

http://www.sme.sk/clanok.asp?cl=2623315

but in Slovak, ...:lol:

[Mircoslavux]

Historical founding which could re-write the history of Slovakia



POPRAD 30. march (SITA) –
Workers have discovered an archeological founding by the building of industry park in Poprad (North Slovakia) last autumn. Immediately, after this discovery, one said that this founding could be dated in 19. century. But it was a mistake, according the archeologist Peter Roth. According the last expertises, it should go on a tumb from the end of prehistorical time. The dating should be in interval 700 BC to 500 AC.

the found wooden log-cabin (previously with a cairn) was a double tumb of very famous person. Such a founding was not discovered in Slovakia till now and according the analyses not in MIddle- East Europe.
Now should the off-covering works start, so I think it will be very interesting what will be find.
:go:

[Mircoslavux]

Herewith link on interesting foundings (taken from sme.sk, previoulsy published in Nature).

http://www.sme.sk/clanok.asp?rub=online_foto&cl=2663912

there is an ancient technique of dentology dated in Neolitic times,
it was found in Pakistan in the city of Mehrgarh:scratch: :go: :eek:

[Mircoslavux]

Hoi,
Did somebody hear about Juda's Evangelium,
if you are interested some short info here:
http://www.sme.sk/c/2665917/Judas-zradil-vraj-na-Jezisovu-ziadost-jediny-ho-pochopil.html
in slovak of course, if you want to read translated info, let me know
nice day

[FrankishHero]

Are you lot still doing this...- yawn - ;)

[Doux]

I have to say that your post did not contribute to this thread, and was, however DMZ, offtopic. I think that you should stick to the topic or refrain from posting.

[Traveller]

I agree!
And, btw, thanks Doux for keeping the thread alive! :go:

[FrankishHero]

I wonder, Traveller, if you could tell me anything about medieval Holland if you don't mind? There's not much I could find on it before the revolution again Spain, I wondered how Spain first got their hands on them.

*I was only joking when I said it was boring, I've read this thread often before*

[Traveller]

You want me to teach you your own nations history? Hah, nice joke! But, sorry - I know mostly about Bulgarian (and something about Balkan) history and that's why I post only of that - because that's what I know and I'm relatively good at. For the things I don't know, I can't write. So for Holland you (and the others, who know) are the one to write and share. If you find something interesting - feel free to post it!

[FrankishHero]

It was worth a shot :sad:

Now I will remain stupid forever. :sad:

(oh well, at least I can look at TKS and laugh :wink: )

[NaVatar]

(oh well, at least I can look at TKS and laugh :wink: )

Any particular reason? Or do you just do it for the fun of it :wink: